Step, extension or multi-position: how to choose a ladder

Ladders are simple tools, but choosing the wrong one leads to overreaching, standing on the top step and other common causes of falls. Start with the job, then the height and the rating.

Ladder types

Type	Best for	Notes
Step stool (1–3 steps)	Kitchen cabinets, closet shelves	Light and handy indoors
Step ladder (A-frame)	Ceiling lights, painting, indoor jobs	Self-supporting; doesn't need a wall
Extension ladder	Gutters, second-story windows, roof access	Leans against a wall or roofline; needs a stable base
Multi-position	Stairs, uneven ground, varied jobs	Can be a step ladder, extension ladder or scaffold base; heavy
Telescoping	Storage in small spaces	Compact; check certification and locking mechanisms carefully

Height: how tall a ladder do you need?

For step ladders, a common rule is that your maximum reach is roughly the ladder height plus about 4 feet, because you shouldn't stand on the top cap or the step just below it. Check the ladder's label for the highest standing level.

For extension ladders, the ladder should extend about 3 feet above the roofline or edge you're climbing onto, and be set at roughly a 4-to-1 angle: for every 4 feet of height, the base sits 1 foot out from the wall.

Duty ratings

Ladders in the U.S. carry a duty rating (under ANSI standards) that includes your weight plus anything you carry:

Type	Load capacity
Type III	200 lb (light duty)
Type II	225 lb (medium duty)
Type I	250 lb (heavy duty)
Type IA	300 lb (extra heavy duty)
Type IAA	375 lb (special duty)

Remember to add the weight of tools, paint cans and materials. When in doubt, choose a higher rating.

Fiberglass vs. aluminum

• Fiberglass doesn't conduct electricity, which makes it the safer choice near power lines or electrical work. It's heavier and more expensive.
• Aluminum is light and affordable, but conducts electricity. Keep aluminum ladders well away from power lines.
• Wood ladders are less common today and need more care.

Safety features

• Slip-resistant feet and wide, ribbed steps.
• A top tray or paint shelf, which is not a step.
• Locking spreaders on step ladders.
• Stabilizer bars on extension ladders to hold them away from gutters.

Safe habits

• Keep three points of contact while climbing.
• Don't overreach; move the ladder instead.
• Set ladders on firm, level ground.
• Never stand on the top cap of a step ladder.

Questions people ask

What size ladder do I need for 8-foot ceilings?

Many people use a 4 to 6 ft step ladder for 8 ft ceilings, depending on their height and the job. Check the ladder's highest standing level and reach information.

Is a multi-position ladder worth it?

If you need different ladder types for stairs, uneven ground and different heights, it can replace several ladders. It's heavier than a standard step ladder.

How do I safely store a ladder?

Store it horizontally on hooks or flat, out of the weather, where it can't fall on anyone.